MPV Commentary

1. Samuel died after a long life of faithfulness and public service, leaving behind a reputation that ranks him among the greatest figures in Scripture.

He was buried in his house at Ramah, which served as his family's mausoleum. The ancient Hebrews took great care to provide proper burial sites for their loved ones, often building small stone structures in a family garden or courtyard.

David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran, likely due to the need to find food for his large group of followers.

The wilderness of Paran stretched from Sinai to the southern borders of Judea, offering vast areas of natural pasture. However, it was also a region prone to raids by Arab marauders, who would often steal livestock. David and his men earned their living by making reprisals against these thieves and sometimes receiving voluntary gifts from peaceful locals in recognition of their services.

2. In the district of Carmel, now known as Kurmul, there lived a wealthy man who owned many cattle.

He was considered very great in terms of wealth, according to the standards of that time.

3. This man belonged to the same tribe as David, being from the house of Caleb.

Some translations interpret "Caleb" as a common noun, suggesting he was hot-tempered or snappish.

4-9. Nabal had recently sheared his sheep, and David sent ten young men to ask for a gift in recognition of their past services to him and his household. David and his men had been associating with the local herdsmen and shepherds, providing them with assistance and information in exchange for supplies and support.

On this occasion, Nabal was hosting an annual sheep-shearing festival in Carmel, and David felt entitled to participate and receive a gift. His message to Nabal recounted their past interactions and asked for a token of appreciation.