MPV Commentary

David Rescues Keilah.

1. David had previously received information about an attack on the city of Keilah, which was located in western Judah (Joshua 15:44), near a forest called Hareth. The attackers were targeting the threshing floors, where grain was being separated from its chaff by wind and manual labor (Judges 6:11; Ruth 3:2).

2-5. David sought guidance from the Lord regarding his response to this situation. He likely consulted with Gad, who was present in his camp (2 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:9), possibly at the recommendation of Samuel. David's goal was to protect innocent people engaged in their harvest work from unprovoked attacks. However, he was uncertain about whether it was his duty to take action against a public enemy without explicit royal authorization. To clarify his responsibility, David asked for and received divine counsel. His men expressed some reservations, prompting him to seek further guidance. Once assured of his duty, David led the charge against the aggressors and secured a decisive victory, freeing the people of Keilah from further harm.

6. David used an ephod (Exodus 28:30), which contained the Urim and Thummim, to consult with God. This sacred object had probably been entrusted to his care while Ahimelech and other priests were away at Gibeah, responding to Saul's summons.