MPV Commentary

Condition.

1. Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, a leader known for his cunning and aggression (see Judges 8:3). The Ammonites had long claimed the right to rule over Gilead, despite being repressed by Jephthah ninety years earlier (Judges 11:33). Their renewed claims of dominance were likely sparked by their threatened invasion, which prompted the Israelites to appoint a king (1 Samuel 12:12).

2. Nahash proposed a humiliating deal to the people of Jabesh-gilead: make a covenant with him and they would be allowed to remain as tributaries. However, he demanded that they agree to this under one condition – they would have their right eyes gouged out (literally, "hollowed out"). This brutal punishment was typically inflicted on usurpers in the East, disqualifying them from participating in war. Nahash's goal was not only to subjugate Jabesh-gilead but also to mock and insult the Israelite nation.

3-4. In response to this outrageous demand, the people of Jabesh-gilead sent messengers throughout Israel, seeking help and support. This move reflects the widespread dissatisfaction with Saul's leadership among the Gileadites, who saw him as incapable of providing guidance or protection. Even in his own town, the appeal was made directly to the people rather than to their prince.