MPV Commentary

17. When the Philistines learned that David had been anointed king over Israel, they decided to attack him before his rule was fully established.

18. The Philistines marched into the Valley of Rephaim, a broad and fertile plain that descends from the central mountains towards the northwest. This route led them directly to Jerusalem. David positioned himself in a fortified stronghold where he could confront the invaders and deliver a decisive defeat.

21. The Philistines left behind their idols, which were likely household deities they had brought into battle. According to law (Deuteronomy 7:5), these images were to be destroyed.

22. The following year, the Philistines launched another attack with an even larger force. However, God intervened on David's behalf, demonstrating His favor.

24. As the Philistines advanced, a strange noise echoed through the treetops – likely poplar trees, which are known for their rustling leaves in the gentlest breeze [Royle].