MPV Commentary

The Passover Enjoined.

The Israelites were also instructed to observe the Passover at its appointed time (Nu 9:1-5). This command was given shortly after the tabernacle's construction and consecration, a month before the people were numbered (compare Nu 9:1 with Nu 1:1, 2). The notice of this particular case is introduced to provide a law for an exceptional situation. It was the first Passover celebration since their exodus from Egypt, and without explicit instruction, they had no obligation to observe it until settling in Canaan (Ex 12:25).

The anniversary was kept on the exact day of the year when they departed from Egypt twelve months prior. They followed all the distinctive rites, including the paschal lamb and unleavened bread. The necessary materials were readily available – lambs from their flocks and meal for the unleavened bread, obtained with Jethro's help from the land of Midian, which was adjacent to their camp (Ex 3:1). However, they did not repeat the circumstances of their hasty departure, such as girded loins, sandaled feet, and staff in hand, as these were not essential to the rite.

It is believed that this was the only Passover observance during their forty years of wandering. Jewish writers note that, since only circumcised individuals could eat the Passover (Ex 12:43-44, 48), and circumcision was not practiced in the wilderness (Jos 5:4-7), there could be no renewal of the paschal solemnity.