MPV Commentary

17-18. David composed this lamentation to honor Saul and Jonathan. In ancient Eastern cultures, it was customary for people to celebrate the qualities and achievements of great kings and warriors through funeral songs. This poignant elegy is thought by many to have become a national war song, taught to young Israelites under the name "The Bow," as was common practice among Hebrew and classical writers.

19. The beauty of Israel has fallen on your high places - literally, "the gazelle" or "antelope of Israel." In Eastern countries, this animal symbolized beauty and elegance. How the mighty have fallen! This phrase becomes a refrain throughout the lamentation.

21. May there be no dew, nor rain - to deprive the land of its fertile atmosphere was considered the greatest calamity. The mountains of Gilboa remain barren to this day. The shield of the mighty has been shamefully cast aside - abandoning one's shield was seen as a national disgrace. On that fateful battle, many Jewish soldiers forgot their honor and fled, leaving behind their shields.

24-27. O daughters of Israel, weep for Saul, who clothed you in scarlet and provided other delights - the love of fine clothing is still characteristic of Oriental women today. David's heart overflows with emotion as he celebrates the good qualities of both Saul and Jonathan. The poem focuses primarily on Jonathan's praises, which form its central theme.